Phi Phenomenon

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The Phi Phenomenon is an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.  An example of this is two pictures flashing on a screen, one after another.  You would view these two pictures as having motion and moving between one another, but in fact they are stationary.   This example is presented in this post's accompanying graphic.

Perception of Movement

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Perception of movement, or stroboscopic motion, is a perceptual phenomenon in which an appearance of motion (or lack of motion) occurs when the stimulus is not viewed continuously but in distinct separate stages.  An example of this would be a GIF, which is multiple still images played in succession to create an illusion of motion, as can be seen in our graphic for this post.

Rules of Perceptual Organization- Figure-Ground Perception

A final rule of perceptual organization is figure-ground perception.  This rule states that the eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area.  An example of figure-ground perception would be the Pittsburgh Zoo logo.  You can view both the image of two trees and of two animals facing each other when you view this logo, with your brain often alternating between the two.

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Rules of Perceptual Organization- Similarity

A third rule of perceptual organization is similarity.  This rule states that we group together figures that are similar to each other.  One example of this would be the Health Unlimited logo.  In this example similar shapes and the solid black causes our mind to view the logo as a whole.

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Rules of Perceptual Organization- Contiunity

Another rule of perceptual organization is continuity.  This rule states that we perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.  One example of this would be the Adidas logo.  In this famous logo we view the three lines as a whole, rather than as three separate lines.  This is because viewing the lines as a whole is smoother and more continuous than three sepearte broken lines.

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Rules of Perceptual Organization- Closure

One rule of perceptual organization is closure.  This rule states that we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object.  One example of this would be the World Wildlife Fund's logo, which is an incomplete design viewed as one complete object, as is shown in this post's accompanying picture.

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Rules of Perceptual Organiation- Proximity

A fourth rule of perceptual organization is proximity.  This rule states that we group nearby figures together.  One example of this would be the Unilever logo.  Proximity can be seen in the way that you view the logo as a single "U", when it is in fact a combination of many smaller figures.

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